As escolas internacionais de verão como plataforma de educação inclusiva para estudantes de doutoramento
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.main##
Resumo
Este artigo baseia-se em reflexões sobre o meu entendimento sobre escolas internacionais de verão, partindo das minhas experiências pessoais enquanto participante numa delas, que teve lugar num país europeu em 2021. Defendo que as escolas internacionais de verão podem desempenhar um papel importante como fórum académico internacional na prática da educação inclusiva para estudantes de doutoramento e investigadores/as em início de carreira sob várias perspetivas. Utilizo o modelo de três níveis de inclusão avançado por Qvortrup e Qvortrup para justificar os meus argumentos neste estudo auto-etnográfico. Discuto a metodologia do estudo e apresento uma visão geral do calendário seguido pela escola internacional de verão que frequentei. Em seguida, argumento a forma como ela proporcionou uma experiência de aprendizagem inclusiva aos/às alunos/as participantes, nas perspetivas numérica/física, social e psicológica. Concluo observando que as escolas internacionais de verão precisam de utilizar a sua natureza transnacional para iniciar debates sensíveis à raça e culturalmente reativos entre os/as seus/suas alunos/as participantes. Esta abordagem ajudará a criar neles/as uma consciência cultural crítica, tentando dar uma imagem clara da composição intercultural do mundo tal como ele existe.
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.displayStats.downloads##
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.details##
Este trabalho encontra-se publicado com a Licença Internacional Creative Commons Atribuição-NãoComercial-CompartilhaIgual 4.0.
Os/as autores/as mantêm os direitos autorais, sem restrições, e concedem à revista ESC o direito de primeira publicação, com o trabalho simultaneamente licenciado sob a Creative Commons Atribuição-NãoComercial-CompartilhaIgual 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-SA). É permitido copiar, transformar e distribuir e adaptar o material em qualquer suporte ou formato, desde que com o devido reconhecimento da autoria e publicação inicial nesta revista, as alterações sejam identificadas e seja aplicada a mesma licença ao material derivado, não podendo ser usado para fins comerciais.
Como Citar
Referências
Ainscow, Mel (2013). Making sense of inclusive education. Trinity Education Papers, 2(2), 2–11. https://www.esri.ie/system/files/media/file-uploads/2015-07/JACB201372.pdf#page=9
Ainscow, Mel (2020). Promoting inclusion and equity in education: Lessons from international experiences. Nordic Journal of Studies in Educational Policy, 6(1), 7–16. https://doi.org/10.1080/20020317.2020.1729587
Ainscow, Mel, Booth, Tony, & Dyson, Alan (2006). Improving schools, developing inclusion. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203967157
Anderson, Leon (2006). Analytic autoethnography. Journal of Contemporary Ethnography, 35(4), 373–395. https://doi.org/10.1177/0891241605280449
Bagchi, Suparna (2024). The experiences and understanding of multiculturalism in mainstream primary schools in Southwest England [Unpublished doctoral thesis]. University of Plymouth.
Barry, Karen M., Woods, Megan, Warnecke, E., Stirling, Christine, & Martin, Angela (2018). Psychological health of doctoral candidates, study-related challenges and perceived performance. Higher Education Research & Development, 37(3), 468–483. https://doi.org/10.1080/07294360.2018.1425979
Bochner, Arthur P., & Ellis, Carolyn (2022). Why autoethnography? Social Work and Social Sciences Review, 23(2), 8–18. https://doi.org/10.1921/swssr.v23i2.2027
Booth, Tony, & Ainscow, Mel (Eds.). (1998). From them to us: An international study of inclusion in education. Psychology Press.
Boyer, Ernest L. (1990). Scholarship reconsidered: Priorities of the professoriate. Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching.
Brinkert, Jana, Kokosi, Theodora, & Sideropoulos, Vassilis (2020). COVID-19 has made a mess of things: Experiencing the pandemic as a doctoral student. Developmental Psychology Forum, 92, 15–17. https://doi.org/10.53841/bpsdev.2020.1.92.15
Bullough Jr., Robert V., & Pinnegar, Stefinee (2001). Guidelines for quality in autobiographical forms of self-study research. Educational Researcher, 30(3), 13–21. https://doi.org/10.3102/0013189X030003013
Byrom, Nicola (2020). The challenges of lockdown for early-career researchers. eLife, 9, e59634. https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.59634
Chang, Heewon (2008). Autoethnography as method. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315433370
Chen, Tianhua, & Lucock, Mike (2022). The mental health of university students during the COVID-19 pandemic: An online survey in the UK. PloS ONE, 17(1), e0262562. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0262562
Cheng, David X. (2004). Students’ sense of campus community: What it means, and what to do about it. NASPA Journal, 41(2), 216–234. https://doi.org/10.2202/1949-6605.1331
Chirikov, Igor, Soria, Krista M., Horgos, Bonnie, & Jones-White, Daniel (2020). Undergraduate and graduate students’ mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic [Report]. SERU Consortium, University of California - Berkeley and University of Minnesota. http://hdl.handle.net/11299/215271
Coffey, Amanda (1999). The ethnographic self: Fieldwork and the representation of identity. SAGE. https://doi.org/10.4135/9780857020048
Cooper, Harris, Charlton Kelly, Valentine Jeff C., & Muhlenbruck, Laura (2000). Making the most of summer school: A meta-analytic and narrative review. Society for Research in Child Development, 65(1). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12467098/
Cullinane, Alison, McGregor, Debra, Frodsham, Sarah, Hillier, Judith, & Guilfoyle, Liam (2022). Transforming a doctoral summer school to an online experience: A response to the COVID‐19 pandemic. British Journal of Educational Technology, 53(3), 558–576. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjet.13195
Dallari, Fiorella, Grandi, Silvia, & Macchini, Valeria (2011). Expanding the higher education experience: International summer schools in tourism. Almatourism-Journal of Tourism, Culture and Territorial Development, 2(4), 24–36. https://doi.org/10.6092/issn.2036-5195/2478
Deitering, Anne-Marie (2017). Introduction: Why autoethnography? In Anne-Marie Deitering, Robert Schroeder, & Richard Stoddart (Eds.), The self as subject: Autoethnographic research into identity, culture, and academic librarianship (pp. 1–22). American Library Association.
Demeshkant, Natalia, Dankevych, Liudmyla, & Tuzhyk, Kateryna (2015). Summer school as a modern way of international education. The Western Anatolia Journal of Educational Sciences (WAJES), 6(12), 47–54. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/baebd/issue/31816/349476
Duncan, Margot (2004). Autoethnography: Critical appreciation of an emerging art. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 3(4), 28–39. https://doi.org/10.1177/160940690400300403
Eisner, Elliot W. (2004). Educational reform and the ecology of schooling. In Allan C. Ornstein, Edward F. Pajak, & Stacey B. Ornstein (Eds.), Contemporary issues in curriculum (pp. 390–402). Allyn and Bacon.
Ellis, Carolyn, & Bochner, Arthur P. (1992). Telling and performing personal stories. In Carolyn Ellis & Michael G. Flaherty (Eds.), Investigating subjectivity: Research on lived experience (pp. 79–101). SAGE.
Ellis, Carolyn, & Bochner, Arthur P. (2000). Autoethnography, personal narrative, reflexivity: Researcher as subject. In Norman K. Denzin & Yvonna S. Lincoln (Eds.), Handbook of qualitative research (2nd ed., pp. 733–768). SAGE.
Ellis, Carolyn, Adams, Tony E., & Bochner, Arthur P. (2011). Autoethnography: An overview. Historical Social Research, 36(4) 273–290. https://doi.org/10.12759/hsr.36.2011.4.273-290
Ettorre, Elizabeth (2005). Gender, older female bodies and autoethnography: Finding my feminist voice by telling my illness story. Women’s Studies International Forum, 28(6), 535–546. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wsif.2005.09.009
European Union. (2006). Recommendation of the European Parliament and of the Council of 18 December 2006 on key competences for lifelong learning (Document 32006H0962). EUR-Lex. http://data.europa.eu/eli/reco/2006/962/oj
Florian, Lani, Black-Hawkins, Kristine, & Rouse, Martyn (2016). Achievement and inclusion in schools. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315750279
Gaeta, Martha L., Gaeta, Laura, & Rodriguez, María del Socorro (2021). The impact of COVID-19 home confinement on Mexican university students: Emotions, coping strategies, and self-regulated learning. Frontiers in Psychology, 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.642823
Guba, Egon G., & Lincoln, Yvonna S. (1989). Fourth generation evaluation. SAGE.
Havadi-Nagy, Kinga X., & Ilovan, Oana-Ramona (2013). International summer schools in a knowledge-based society and university students’ key competences for local and regional development. Acta et commentationes (Ştiinţe ale Educaţiei), 3(2), 126–133. https://ibn.idsi.md/en/vizualizare_articol/50907/gscholar
Heffernan, Troy (2021). Academic networks and career trajectory: ‘There’s no career in academia without networks’. Higher Education Research & Development, 40(5), 981–994. https://doi.org/10.1080/07294360.2020.1799948
Huang, Ronghuai, Tlili, Ahmed, Chang, Ting-Wen, Zhang, Xiangling, Nascimbeni, Fabio, & Burgos, Daniel (2020). Disrupted classes, undisrupted learning during COVID-19 outbreak in China: Application of open educational practices and resources. Smart Learning Environments, 7, 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40561-020-00125-8
Hughes, Sherick A., & Pennington, Julie L. (2016). Autoethnography: Process, product, and possibility for critical social research. SAGE. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781483398594
Institute of Continuing Education. (2008). International summer schools: 90th Anniversary 1923–2013. University of Cambridge. https://www.academia.edu/23986707/University_of_Cambridge_International_Summer_Schools_1923_2013
Institute of Continuing Education. (2023, July 17). The international summer programmes centenary: 100 years of cultural exchange at Cambridge. University of Cambridge. https://www.ice.cam.ac.uk/about-us/news/international-summer-programmes-centenary-100-years-cultural-exchange-cambridge
Jackson, Lewis, Fitzpatrick, Heather, Alazemi, Bedoor, & Rude, Harvey (2018). Shifting gears: Re-framing the international discussion about inclusive education. Journal of International Special Needs Education, 21(2), 11–22. https://doi.org/10.9782/2159-4341-21.2.01
Korkmaz, Güneş, & Toraman, Çetin (2020). Are we ready for the post-COVID-19 educational practice? An investigation into what educators think as to online learning. International Journal of Technology in Education and Science, 4(4), 293–309. https://doi.org/10.46328/ijtes.v4i4.110
Landorf, Hilary, Doscher, Stephanie, & Hardrick, Jaffus (2023). Making global learning universal: Promoting inclusion and success for all students. Taylor & Francis. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003445807
Levine, Felice J., Nasir, Na’ilah S., Ríos-Aguilar, Cecilia, Gildersleeve, Ryan E., Rosich, Katherine J., Bang, Megan, Bell, Nathan E., & Holsapple, Matthew A. (2021). Voices from the field: The impact of covid-19 on early career scholars and doctoral students. American Educational Research Association; Spencer Foundation.
Li, Xueyan, Fu, Ping, Fan, Changyu, Zhu, Miao, & Li, Min (2021). COVID-19 stress and mental health of students in locked-down colleges. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(2), 771. https://doi.org/10.3390%2Fijerph18020771
Luhmann, Niklas (1977). Differentiation of society. The Canadian Journal of Sociology, 2(1), 29–53. https://doi.org/10.2307/3340510
Luhmann, Niklas (1995). Social systems. Stanford University Press.
Lupton, Deborah (2021, July 5). Doing fieldwork in a pandemic. SSRN. https://ssrn.com/abstract=4228791
Lyons, Wanda E., Thompson, S. Anthony, & Timmons, Vianne (2016). ‘We are inclusive. We are a team. Let’s just do it’: Commitment, collective efficacy, and agency in four inclusive schools. International Journal of Inclusive Education, 20(8), 889–907. https://doi.org/10.1080/13603116.2015.1122841
Makopoulou, Kyriaki, & Thomas, Gary (2016). Educating teachers for effective inclusive pedagogies. In Catherine D. Ennis (Ed.), Routledge handbook of physical education pedagogies (pp. 473–484). Routledge.
McKenna-Plumley, Phoebe E., Graham-Wisener, Lisa, Berry, Emma, & Groarke, Jenny M. (2021). Connection, constraint, and coping: A qualitative study of experiences of loneliness during the COVID-19 lockdown in the UK. PLoS ONE, 16(10). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0258344
Méndez, Mariza (2013). Autoethnography as a research method: Advantages, limitations and criticisms. Colombian Applied Linguistics Journal, 15(2), 279–287. https://doi.org/10.14483/udistrital.jour.calj.2013.2.a09
Muncey, Tessa (2005). Doing autoethnography. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 4(1), 69–86. https://doi.org/10.1177/160940690500400105
Nilsen, Sven (2010). Moving towards an educational policy for inclusion? Main reform stages in the development of the Norwegian unitary school system. International Journal of Inclusive Education, 14(5), 479–497. https://doi.org/10.1080/13603110802632217
Ottenberg, Simon (1990). Thirty years of fieldnotes: Changing relationships to the text. In Roger Sanjek (Ed.), Fieldnotes: The makings of anthropology (pp. 139–160). Cornell University Press. https://doi.org/10.7591/9781501711954-007
Poerwandari, Elizabeth K. (2021). Minimizing bias and maximizing the potential strengths of autoethnography as a narrative research. Japanese Psychological Research, 63(4), 310–323. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpr.12320
Pyhältö, Kirsi, Tikkanen, Lota, & Anttila, Henrika (2023). The influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on PhD candidates’ study progress and study wellbeing. Higher Education Research & Development, 42(2), 413–426. https://doi.org/10.1080/07294360.2022.2063816
Qvortrup, Ane, & Qvortrup, Lars (2018). Inclusion: Dimensions of inclusion in education. International Journal of Inclusive Education, 22(7), 803–817. https://doi.org/10.1080/13603116.2017.1412506
Reed-Danahay, Deborah (Ed.). (2021). Auto/ethnography: Rewriting the self and the social. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003136118
Richards, Lyn, & Morse, Janice M. (2002). Readme first for a user’s guide to qualitative methods. SAGE.
Rizzolo, Sonja, DeForest, Aubreena R., DeCino, Daniel A., Strear, Molly, & Landram, Suzanne (2016). Graduate student perceptions and experiences of professional development activities. Journal of Career Development, 43(3), 195–210. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1177/0894845315587967
Salimi, Nahal, Gere, Bryan, Talley, William, & Irioogbe, Bridget (2023). College students mental health challenges: Concerns and considerations in the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of College Student Psychotherapy, 37(1), 39–51. https://doi.org/10.1080/87568225.2021.1890298
Schuelka, Mathew J. (2018). Implementing inclusive education [Report]. UK Department for International Development. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/5c6eb77340f0b647b214c599/374_Implementing_Inclusive_Education.pdf
Schuelka, Mathew J., & Johnstone, Christopher J. (2012). Global trends in meeting the educational rights of children with disabilities: From international institutions to local responses. Reconsidering Development, 2(2). https://pubs.lib.umn.edu/index.php/reconsidering/article/view/573
Sideropoulos, Vassilis, Midouhas, Emily, Kokosi, Theodora, Brinkert, Jana, Wong, Keri, & Kambouri, Maria A. (2022). The effects of cumulative stressful educational events on the mental health of doctoral students during the COVID-19 pandemic. UCL Open Environment, 4. https://doi.org/10.14324/111.444/ucloe.000048
Stancer, Rebecca, Georgeson, Jan, Bagchi, Suparna, Myhill, Craig, Gulliver, Katherine, Vassallo, Tara, Andrew, Mandy, Tumkaya, Gulsah, Southall, Vivien, & Merk, Ramazan (2024). Covid stories: A narrative exploration of experiences of the pandemic among members of an academic research group. Human Systems. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/26344041241245418
Starr, Lisa J. (2010). The use of autoethnography in educational research: Locating who we are in what we do. Canadian Journal for New Scholars in Education, 3(1). https://journalhosting.ucalgary.ca/index.php/cjnse/article/view/30477
Sverdlik, Anna, Hall, Nathan C., & McAlpine, Lynn (2020). PhD imposter syndrome: Exploring antecedents, consequences, and implications for doctoral well-being. International Journal of Doctoral Studies, 15, 737–758. https://doi.org/10.28945/4670
Sverdlik, Anna, Hall, Nathan C., & Vallerand, Robert J. (2023). Doctoral students and COVID-19: Exploring challenges, academic progress, and well-being. Educational Psychology, 43(5), 545–560. https://doi.org/10.1080/01443410.2022.2091749
Tillmann, Lisa M. (2009). Speaking into silences: Autoethnography, communication, and applied research. Journal of Applied Communication Research, 37(1), 94–97. https://doi.org/10.1080/00909880802592649
UNESCO International Bureau of Education. (2016). Reaching out to all learners: A resource pack for supporting inclusive education. https://www.ibe.unesco.org/en/node/103
UNESCO. (1994). The Salamanca statement and framework for action on special needs education. UNESDOC. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000098427
UNESCO. (2005). Guidelines for inclusion: Ensuring access to education for all. UNESDOC. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000140224
University of Oxford. (n.d.). Summer doctoral programme. Oxford Internet Institute. https://www.oii.ox.ac.uk/study/summer-doctoral-programme/
Walford, Geoffrey (2009). For ethnography. Ethnography and Education, 4(3), 271–282. https://doi.org/10.1080/17457820903170093
Wall, Sarah (2008). Easier said than done: Writing an autoethnography. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 7(1), 38–53. https://doi.org/10.1177/160940690800700103
Wisker, Gina, McGinn, Michelle K., Bengtsen, Søren S., Lokhtina, Irina, He, Faye, Cornér, Solveig, Leshem, Shosh, Inouye, Kelsey, & Löfström, Erika (2021). Remote doctoral supervision experiences: Challenges and affordances. Innovations in Education and Teaching International, 58(6), 612–623. https://doi.org/10.1080/14703297.2021.1991427