Non-formal education and the political dimension: The perspective of volunteers who teach Portuguese to adult migrants and refugees in Portugal
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For migrants from countries where Portuguese is not an official language, attending Portuguese as host language classes is required to obtain permanent residence permit, long-term residence status and Portuguese nationality. Certified courses of Portuguese as a host language are offered in some public schools, while non-certified courses have emerged in social and community organisations involved in the integration and inclusion of migrants and refugees. These courses go beyond linguistic instruction, encompassing social, cultural and political dimensions (Arendt et al., 2021). They aim to empower learners and support their self-confidence and autonomy in the new society (Cabete, 2010). This study analyses one such non-certified course, examining how host language learning can operate as a political and emancipatory practice, rather than a purely instrumental process, through semi-directed interviews with volunteers teaching Portuguese as a host language in these organisations. It explores their perspectives on the role of language learning in the integration and inclusion of migrants and refugees. Findings suggest a relationship between the themes of pedagogy, integration and politics as learning the host language is also understood as being about rights and civic awareness and political awareness, contributing to the integration and inclusion of migrants and refugees into the host society.
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