Personal proximity, disruptive dissent, and participatory urban governance as forms of climate change activism through urban agriculture Illustrative examples in green European capitals Lisbon & Bristol
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Fighting climate change has been a long battle that is far from being won. Official climate change negotiations and agreements have been carried out for decades and targets have been set to impose reductions of greenhouse gas emissions to governments and major industries. In addition, citizens started exploring ways in which they could take part. From originally demonstrating, to attempt to put pressure on stakeholders and states that are the biggest polluters, they acknowledged that addressing climate change will realistically lead to best results if we change our economic and production systems also in our daily lives, through changing our ways of living. This article explores three types of climate change activism expressed through Urban Agriculture (UA). Through ‘proximities’, ‘disruptive dissent’ and ‘participatory urban governance’, this article analyses how UA, as a form of Climate Change activism on the ground, can help to act and to influence policies, taking illustrative examples from green capitals of Europe: Bristol in the UK and Lisbon in Portugal.
Downloads
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors retain copyright, without restrictions, in their articles and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under Creative Commons Attribution ShareAlike Licence 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA). Readers are free to copy, display, distribute, and adapt an article, as long as the work is attributed to the author(s) and ESC, the changes are identified, and the same license applies to the derivative work. Only non-commercial uses of the work are permitted.
How to Cite
References
Altieri, Miguel, & Nicholls, Clara (2018). Agroecología urbana: Diseño de granjas urbanas ricas en biodiversidad, productivas y resilientes. Agro Sur, 46(2), 49-60. https://doi.org/10.4206/agrosur.2018.v46n2-07
Araújo, Daniela, & Nascimento, Mário (Coords). (2021). Lisbon vegetable gardens: From Middle Ages to the 21st century. Museu de Lisboa, EGEAC.
Ataman, Cem, & Tuncer, Bige (2021). Urban interventions and participatory tools in urban design processes: A systematic review and thematic analysis (1995-2021). Sustainable Cities and Society, 76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2021.103462
Bawden, Richard (1991). Systems thinking and practice in agriculture. Journal of Dairy Science, 74(7), 2362-2373.https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(91)78410-5
Bell, Simon, Fox-Kämper, Runrid, Keshavarz, Nazila, Benson, Mary, Caputo, Silvio, Noori, Susan, & Voigt, Annette (Eds.). (2016). Urban allotment gardens in Europe. Routledge.
Biel, Robert (2016). Sustainable food systems: The role of the city. UCL Press.
Brown, Kate, & Jameton, Andrew (2000). Public health implications of urban agriculture. Journal of Public Health Policy, 21(1), 20-39. https://doi.org/10.2307/3343472
Buser, Michael, Bonura, Carlo, Fannin, Maria, & Boye, Kate (2013).Cultural activism and the politics of place-making.City, 17(5), 606-627. https://doi.org/10.1080/13604813.2013.827840
Carey, Joy (2013). Urban and community food strategies: The case of Bristol. International Planning Studies, 18(12), 111-128. https://doi.org/10.1080/13563475.2013.750938
Cavaco, Cristina (Coord.). (2016). Habitat III: National Report Portugal. Direção Geral do Território.
Câmara Municipal de Lisboa. (2016). Parques horticolas. Câmara Municipal de Lisboa. https://www.lisboa.pt/cidade/ambiente/estrutura-ecologica/parques-horticolas
Correio da Manhã. (2020, avril 28) Crise. Au Portugal, un nombre croissant de familles au bord de la famine. Courrier international. https://www.courrierinternational.com/article/crise-au-portugal-un-nombre-croissant-de-familles-au-bord-de-la-famine
Courlet, Claude, & Pecqueur, Bernard (2013). L’économie territoriale. PUG.
Curtin, Rory (2021, april 23). Exploring food systems resilience in Lisbon. Medium. https://medium.com/resilience/exploring-food-systems-resilience-in-lisbon-portugal-a12c2a67b330
Delgado, Cecília (2017). Mapping urban agriculture in Portugal: Lessons from practice and their relevance for European post-crisis contexts. Moravian Geographical Reports, 25(3), 139-153. https://doi.org/10.1515/mgr-2017-0013
Delgado, Cecilia (2020). A crise como oportunidade para repensar o ordenamento territorial: Potenciar os vazios urbanos para a prática de agricultura urbana. Revista Jatobá, 2. https://doi.org/10.54686/revjat.v2i.65645
Deelstra, Tjeerd, & Girardet, Herbert (2000). Urban agriculture and sustainable cities. In Sabine Gundel, Marielle Dubbeling, Henk de Zeeuw, Nico Bakker, & Ulrich Sabel-Koshella (Eds.), Growing cities, growing food: Urban agriculture on the policy agenda (pp. 43-66). Deutsche Stiftung fur internationale Entwicklung (DSE).
de Zeeuw, Henk, van Veerhuinzen, René, & Dubbeling, Marielle (2011). The role of urban agriculture in building resilient cities in develping countries. The Journal of Agricultural Science, 149(S1), 153-163. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859610001279
Dixon, Jane, Donati, Kelli, Pike, Lucy, & Hattersley, Libby (2009). Functional foods and urban agriculture: Two responses to climate change-related food insecurity. New South Wales Public Health Bulletin, 20(1-2), 14-18. https://doi.org/10.1071/nb08044
Dubbeling, Marielle, & de Zeeuw, Henk (2011). Urban agriculture and climate change adaptation: Ensuring food security through adaptation. In Konrad Otto-Zimmermann (Ed.), Resilient cities. Local sustainability (Vol. 1). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0785-6_44
Dubbeling, Marielle, van Veenhuizen, René, & Halliday, Jess (2019). Urban agriculture as a climate change and disaster risk reduction strategy. Field Actions Science Reports, 20, 32-39. https://journals.openedition.org/factsreports/5650
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. (2002). The state of food insecurity in the world 2001. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. http://www.fao.org/3/y1500e/y1500e.pdf
Farinha, Carla, Azeiteiro, Ulisses, & Caeiro, Sandra (2018). Education for sustainable development in Portuguese universities.International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education, 19(5), 912-941. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSHE-09-2017-0168
Francis, Charles, Jordan, Nicholas, Porter, Paul, Breland, Tor, Lieblein, Geir, Salomonsson Lennart, Sriskandarajah, Nadarajah, Wiedenhoeft, Mary, DeHaan, Robert, Braden, Indi,& Langernart,Vibeke (2011). Innovative education in agroecology: Experiential learning for a sustainable agriculture. Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences, 30(1-2), 226-237. https://doi.org/10.1080/07352689.2011.554497
Garnett, Philip, Doherty, Bob, & Heron, Tony (2020). Vulnerability of the UK’s food supply chains exposed by Covid-19. Nature Food, 1, 315-318. https://doi.org/101038/s43016-020-0097-7
Goodman, David, DuPuis, Melanie, & Goodman, Michael (2012). Alternative food networks: Knowledge, practice and politics. Routledge.
Goodwin, Jeff, & Jasper, James (2009). The social movements reader (2nd edition). Wiley Backwell.
Goudle, Shona, & McIntyre, Zoe (2021). A crisis within a crisis: The impact of Covid-19 on household food security. Food Foundation.
Gregório, Maria João, Rodrigues, Ana, Graça, Pedro, Sousa, Rute, Dias, Sara, Branco, Jaime, & Canhão, Helena (2018). Food insecurity is associated with low adherence to the Mediterranean diet and adverse health conditions in Portuguese adults. Frontiers in Public Health, 6. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2018.00038
Hassanein, Neva (2003). Practicing food democracy: A pragmatic politics of transformation. Journal of Rural Studies, 19(1), 77-86. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0743-0167(02)00041-4
Hetherington, Ema (2016). Exploring barriers to and opportunities for urban agriculturein Bristol, United Kingdom [Master thesis, University of Groningen]. Student Theses Faculty Spatial Sciences. https://frw.studenttheses.ub.rug.nl/id/eprint/657
Innes, Judith, & Booher, David (2004). Reframing public participation strategies for the 21st century. Planning Theory and Practice, 5(4), 419-436. http://doi.or/10.1080/1464935042000293170
Johnston, Josée (2008). The citizen-consumer hybrid: Ideological tensions and the case of Whole Foods Market. Theory and Society, 37, 229-270. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11186-007-9058-5
Kretschmer, Fabian, & Kollenberg, Malte (2011, July 22). Can urban agriculture feed a hungry world? Spiegel International.https://www.spiegel.de/international/zeitgeist/vertical-farming-can-urban-agriculture-feed-a-hungry-world-a-775754.html
Kolb, David (1984). Experiential learning: Experience as the source of learning and development. Prentice-Hall.
Kolowski, Marc (2019, October 12). Petitions are back in vogue. How they work (and are they effective?). The Sydney Morning Herald. https://www.smh.com.au/environment/climate-change/petitions-are-back-in-vogue-how-do-they-work-and-are-they-effective-20191002-p52x1k.html
Lang, Tim (2010). Crisis? What crisis? The normality of the current food crisis. Journal of Agrarian Change, 10(1), 87-97. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0366.2009.00250.x
Larsen, Kirsten, Ryan, Chris, & Abraham, Asha (2008). Sustainable and secure food systems for Victoria: What do we know? What do we need to know? (VEIL Research Report No. 1). Victorian Eco-Innovation Lab, Australian Centre for Science, Innovation and Society, University of Melbourne.
Lubell, Mark., Zahran, Sammy, & Vedlitz, Arnold (2007). Collective action and citizen responses to global warming. Political Behaviour, 29, 391-413. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11109-006-9025-2
Martínez, Miguel (2011). The citizen participation of urban movements: A comparison between Vigo and Porto. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 35(1), 147-171. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2427.2010.00956.x
Morgan, Kevin (2015). Nourishing the city: The rise of the urban food question in the Global North. Urban Studies, 52(8), 1379-1394. https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098014534902
Matos, Rute (2010). A reinvenção da multifuncionalidade da paisagem em espaçourbano: Reflexões [Tese de doutoramento, Universidade de Évora]. Repositório Universidade de Évora. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/4304
Milan Urban Food Policy Pact (2015). https://www.milanurbanfoodpolicypact.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Milan-Urban-Food-Policy-Pact-EN.pdf
Norris, Pipa (2003, November 27-28). Young people and political activism: From the politicsof loyalties to the politics of choice? [Paper presentation]. Council of Europe symposium “Young people and democratic institutions: From disillusionment to participation”, Strasbourg, Belgium.
O’Brien, Karen, Selboe, Elin, & Hayward, Bronwyh (2018). Exploring youth activism on climate change: Dutiful, disruptive, and dangerous dissent. Ecology and Society, 23(3), 42. https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-10287-230342
Oliveira, Rosário, & Morgado, Maria (2016). Planning the urban food system of the metropolitan area of Lisbon: A conceptual framework. In R. Roggema (Ed.), Agriculture in an urbanizing society: Proceedings of the sixth AESOP Conference on sustainable food planning (pp. 7-29). Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
Pothukuchi, Kameshwari, & Kaufman, Jerome (2000). The food system: A stranger to the planning field. Journal of the American Planning Association, 66(2), 113-124. https://doi.org/10.1080/01944360008976093
Reed, Mathew, & Keech, Daniel (2017). The ‘Hungry Gap’: Twitter, local press reporting and urban agriculture activism. Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems, 33(S6), 558-568. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1742170517000448
Reed, Mathew, Mettepenningen, Evy, Swagemakers, Paul, Dominguez Garcia, M., Jahrl, Ingrid, & Koopmans, Marlinde (2018). The challenges of governing urban food production across four European city-regions: Identity, sustainability and governance. Urban Agriculture & Regional Food Systems, 3(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.2134/urbanag2016.11.0006
Renting, Henk, Marsden, Terry, & Banks, Jo (2003). Understanding alternative food networks: Exploring the role of short food supply chains in rural development. Environment and Planning, 35(3), 393-411. https://doi.org/10.1068/a3510
Renting, Henk, Schermer, Markus, & Rossi, Adanella (2012). Building food democracy: Exploring civic food networks and newly emerging forms of food citizenship. The International Journal of Sociology of Agriculture and Food, 19(3), 289-307.https://doi.org/10.48416/ijsaf.v19i3.206
Romero-Lankao, Patricia, Gnatz, Daniel, Wilhelmi, Olga, & Hayden, Mary (2016). Urban sustainablity and resilience: From theory to practice. Sustainability, 8(12), 1224. https://doi.org/10.3390/su8121224
Rosane, Olivia (2021, November 22). How to save the world: Everything you need to know about climate activism. Ecowatch. https://www.ecowatch.com/climate-activism-guide-2655772029.html
Schneider, Philipp, Ariane, Walz, Christian Albert, & Torsten Lipp (2021). Ecosystem-based adaptation in cities: Use of formal and informal planning instruments. Land Use Policy, 109, 105722. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2021.105722
Serra, Alberto (2021). Lisbon food strategy: A guide to approach food systems. CCDR-LVT.
Skar, Siv, Pineda-Martos, Rocío, Timpe, Anton, Pölling, Bernd, Bohn, Katrin, Külvik, Mart, Delgado, Cecília, Pedras, Celestina, Paço, Teresa, Ćujić, Mirjana, Tzortzakis, Nikos, Chrysargyris, Antonios, Peticila, Adrian, Alencikiene, Gitana, Monsees, Hendrik, & Junge, Ranka (2020). Urban agriculture as a keystone contribution towards securing sustainable and healthy development for cities in the future. Blue-Green Systems, 2(1), 1-27. https://doi.org/10.2166/bgs.2019.931
Costa, Carlos, & Ioannidis, Konstantinos (Eds.). (2017). The making of the mediated public space: Essays on emerging urban phenomena. Edições Universitárias Lusófonas.
Sonnino, Roberta (2016). The new geography of food security: Exploring the potential of urban food strategies. Geographical Journal, 182(2), 190-200. https://doi.org/10.1111/geoj.12129
Sparks, Aaron (2021). Climate change in your backyard: When climate change is proximate, people become activists. Frontiers in Political Science, 3, 666978. https://doi.org10.3389/fpos.2021.666978
Trope, Yaccov,& Liberman, Nira (2003). Temporal construal. Psychological Revue,110(3),403-421. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295x.110.3.403
Verba, Sidney, Schlozman, Kay, & Brady, Henry (1995). Voice and equality: Civic voluntarism in American politics. Harvard University Press. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1pnc1k7
van Veerhuizen, René (Ed.). (2006). Cities farming for the future: Urban Agiriculture for green and productive cities. IIRR; RUAF; IDRC.
Yip, Ngai, Martinez Lopez, Miguel, & Sun, Xiaoyi (Eds.). (2019). Contested cities and urban activism. Palgrave Macmillan.
Zientara, Piotr, Zamojska, Anna, & Cirella, Giuseppe (2020). Participatory urban governance: Multilevel study. PLoS ONE, 15(2), e0229095. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0229095