Ensino remoto e aprendizagem Um estudo comparado das situações paquistanesa e brasileira durante a pandemia de covid-19
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.sidebar##
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.main##
Resumo
A pandemia causou grandes desigualdades no sistema educacional globalmente, consequentemente todas as instituições de ensino foram fechadas imediatamente e o processo de ensino aprendizagem foi transferido para o online. O objetivo deste estudo é propor uma reflexão a partir de uma comparação sobre o ensino remoto em escolas de ensino médio do Paquistão e do Brasil. Além disso, este estudo analisa oportunidades e desafios enfrentados por instituições de ensino durante o aprendizado remoto, como uso e acesso de tecnologias digitais, treinamento digital e facilidades de internet para aprendizado online. Esta pesquisa é composta por análise bibliográfica e documental da literatura disponível online, sites oficiais e notícias sobre gestão escolar em ambos os países. O estudo é concluído apresentando observações sobre as dinâmicas e semelhanças da configuração educacional entre Paquistão e Brasil durante o ensino remoto bem como possíveis desafios a serem considerados e grupos de interesses envolvidos na gestão educacional.
Recebido: 9/4/2022
Aceite: 16/7/2022
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.displayStats.downloads##
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.details##
Edição
Secção
Este trabalho encontra-se publicado com a Licença Internacional Creative Commons Atribuição-NãoComercial-CompartilhaIgual 4.0.
Os/as autores/as mantêm os direitos autorais, sem restrições, e concedem à revista ESC o direito de primeira publicação, com o trabalho simultaneamente licenciado sob a Creative Commons Atribuição-NãoComercial-CompartilhaIgual 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-SA). É permitido copiar, transformar e distribuir e adaptar o material em qualquer suporte ou formato, desde que com o devido reconhecimento da autoria e publicação inicial nesta revista, as alterações sejam identificadas e seja aplicada a mesma licença ao material derivado, não podendo ser usado para fins comerciais.
Como Citar
Referências
Ali Aksar, Iffat, Danaee, Mahmoud, Maqsood, Huma, & Firdaus, Amira (2020). Women’s social media needs and online social capital: Bonding and bridging social capital in Pakistan. Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment, 30(8), 989-1012. https://doi.org/10.1080/10911359.2020.1790461
Andrew, Alison, Cattan, Sarah, Dias, Monica C., Farquharson, Christine, Kraftman, Lucy, Krutikova, Sonya, Angus, Phimister, & Sevilla, Almudena (2020). Inequalities in children’s experiences of home learning during the COVID-19 lockdown in England. Fiscal Studies, 41(3), 653-683. https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-5890.12240
Arruda, Eucídio (2020). Emergency remote education: Elements for public policies in Brazilian education in Covid-19 times. Em Rede, 7(1), 257-275. https://doi.org/10.53628/emrede.v7.1.621
Barberia, Lorena, Cantarelli, Luiz, & Schmalz, Pedro (2021). An assessment of Brazilian states and state capitals remote public education programs during the COVID-19 pandemic. SSRN. https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3776366
Basilaia, Giorgi, & Kvavadze, David (2020). Transition to online education in schools during a SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic in Georgia. Pedagogical Research, 5(4). https://doi.org/10.29333/pr/7937
Bivar, Gabriela, Aguiar, Maria Eduarda, Santos, Renata, & Cardoso, Pablo (2021). Covid-19, the anti-vaccine movement and immunization challenges in Brazil: A review. Scientia Medica, 31(1), e39425. http://dx.doi.org/10.15448/1980-6108.2021.1.39425
Bonal, Xavier, & González, Sheila (2020) The impact of lockdown on the learning gap: Family and school divisions in time of crisis. International Review of Education, 66, 635-655. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11159-020-09860-z
Breda, Adriana, Farsani, Danyal, & Miarka, Roger (2020). Political, technical and pedagogical effects of the COVID-19 pandemic in Mathematics education: An overview of Brazil, Chile and Spain. Intermaths, 1(1), 3-19. https://doi.org/10.22481/intermaths.v1i1.7400
Butnaru, Gina, Niță, Valentin, Anichiti, Alexandru, & Brînză, Geanina (2021). The effectiveness of online education during Covid 19 pandemic: A comparative analysis between the perceptions of academic students and high school students from Romania. Sustainability, 13(9), 5311. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13095311
Campos, Maria M., & Vieira, Livia F. (2021). COVID-19 and early childhood in Brazil: Impacts on children’s well-being, education and care. European Early Childhood Education Research Journal, 29(1), 125-140. https://doi.org/10.1080/1350293X.2021.1872671
Connolly, Creighton, Ali, S. Harris, & Keil, Roger (2020). On the relationships between COVID-19 and extended urbanization. Dialogues in Human Geography, 10(2), 213-216. https://doi.org/10.1177/2043820620934209
Domingues, José Maurício (2021). Brazil in the face of COVID-19: Tragedy and political choices, environment. Science and Policy for Sustainable Development, 63(1), 4-14, https://doi.org/10.1080/00139157.2021.1842710
Ferri, Fernando, Grifoni, Patrizia, & Guzzo, Tiziana (2020). Online learning and emergency remote teaching: Opportunities and challenges in emergency situations. Societies, 10(4), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.3390/soc10040086
Sari, Tamer, & Nayir, Funda (2020). Challenges in distance education during the (Covid-19) pandemic period. Qualitative Research in Education, 9(3), 328-360. http://dx.doi.org/10.17583/qre.2020.5872
Furlani, Sinara, & Cardoso, Grace (2021). Rethinking post-Covid-19 school design in Brazil: Adaptation strategies for public schools PEE-12 FNDE. Strategic Design Research Journal, 14(1), 339-350. https://doi.org/10.4013/sdrj.2021.141.28
Gohar, Amna, Carvalho, Alonzo, & Brandão, Carlos (2021). Implicação do isolamento social na saúde mental durante a pandemia de Covid-19: Um olhar sobre seu enfrentamento religioso e espiritual. Revista on line de Política e Gestão Educacional, 25(4), 2080-2093. https://doi.org/10.22633/rpge.v25iesp.4.15941
Gomes, Mike (2021). Brazilian educational system under attack: The reforms proposed after the 2016 coup and their sociological contexts. European Journal of Education, 4(2), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.26417/157bvq31b
Gomes, Mike (2022). A função do “novo” ensino médio na lógica do capital: Estratificação, perspectivas e resistências. Práxis Educativa, 17, 1-16. https://doi.org/10.5212/PraxEduc.v.17.18510.023
Gomes, Mike, & Sampaio, Mônica (2021). High school in Brazil and France: Considerations about the law 13.415/2017 through a comparative analysis. Revista on line de Política e Gestão Educacional, 25(4), 2066-2079. https://doi.org/10.22633/rpge.v25iesp.4.15940
Hodges, Charles, Moore, Stephanie, Lockee, Barbara, Trust, Torrey, & Bond, Aaron (2020, March 27). The difference between emergency remote teaching and online learning. EDUCAUSE Review. https://er.educause.edu/articles/2020/3/the-difference-between-emergency-remote-teaching-and-online-learning
Ivenicki, Ana (2021). COVID-19 and multicultural education in Brazil. Perspectives in Education, 39(1), 231-241. http://dx.doi.org/10.18820/2519593X/pie.v39.i1.14
Malik, Kashif, Meki, Muhammad, Morduch, Jonathan, Ogden, Timothy, Quinn, Simon, & Said, Farah (2020). COVID-19 and the future of microfinance: Evidence and insights from Pakistan. Oxford Review of Economic Policy, 36(1), S138-S168. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxrep/graa014
Mishra, Lokanath, Gupta, Tushar, & Shree, Abha (2020). Online teaching-learning in higher education during lockdown period of COVID-19 pandemic. International Journal of Educational Research Open, 1, 100012. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedro.2020.100012
Naidu, Som (2020). It is the worst − and the best − of times! Distance Education, 41(4), 425-428. https://doi.org/10.1080/01587919.2020.1825929
Nasu, Vitor (2021). Learning under the COVID-19 social distancing: Reflections and a nethnography study. Journal of Information Systems and Technology Management, 18(1), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.4301/S1807-1775202118005
Rehman, Abdul, Ashraf, Fatima, Javed, Zeeshan, Hussain, Mudassar, Farooq, Taimoor, Shakoor, Awais, & Shahzad, Sher (2020). The nexus between meteorological parameters and COVID-19 pandemic: Case of Islamabad, Pakistan. Environmental Sustainability, 4, 527-531. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42398-020-00125-x
Reimers, Fernando, Schleicher, Andreas, Saavedra, Jaime, & Tuominen, Saku (2020). Supporting the continuation of teaching and learning during the COVID-19 pandemic. OECD. https://www.oecd.org/education/Supporting-the-continuation-of-teaching-and-learning-during-the-COVID-19-pandemic.pdf
Rouadi, Naim E., & Anouti, Mohamad (2020). The online learning experiment in the intermediate and secondary schools in Lebanon during the coronavirus (COVID-19) crisis.
International Journal of Advanced Research in Science, Engineering and Technology,
7(7), 14466-14485. http://www.ijarset.com/upload/2020/july/30-nb1fan-14-1.pdf
Santos, Laís S. (2020). Moral dilemmas of the Brazilian public management in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic. Brazilian Journal of Public Administration, 54(4), 909-922. https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-761220200219x
Setiawan, Adib (2020). Scientific literacy worksheets for distance learning on the topic of coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19). EdArXiv, 15. https://doi.org/10.35542/osf.io/swjmk
Souza, Diego O. (2020). The COVID-19 pandemic beyond Health Sciences: reflections on its social determination. Ciência & Saúde Coletiva, 25(1), 2469-2477. https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232020256.1.11532020
George, Susannah (2020, May 19). In the world’s fifth most-populous country, distance learning is a single television channel. The Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/asia_pacific/pakistan-coronavirus-education-teleschool/2020/05/18/9ee159a8-8eee-11ea-9322-a29e75effc93_story.html
Jabeen, Gulnaz, & Malik, A. Sami (2020, December 24). Education cannot wait: Learning continues for students in KP despite the pandemic. UNICEF Pakistan. https://www.unicef.org/pakistan/stories/education-cannot-wait.
Vu, Cam-Tu, Hoang, Anh-Duc, Than, Van-Quan, Nguyen, Manh-Tuan, Dinh, Viet-Hung, Le, Quynh-Anh, Le, Thu-Trang, Pham, Hiep-Hung, & Nguyen, Yen-Chi (2020). Dataset of Vietnamese teachers’ perspectives and perceived support during the COVID-19 pandemic. Data in Brief, 31, 105788. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2020.105788
Wenczenovicz, Thaís (2020). Distance learning, face-to-face difficulties: Perspectives in times of Covid-19. Revista Ibero-Americana de Estudos em Educação, 15(4), 1750-1768. https://doi.org/10.21723/riaee.v15i4.13761
World Population Review. (2021). GDP ranked by country 2021. https://worldpopulationreview.com/countries/countries-by-gdp. Accessed on 17th Jan., 2022.
Zhang, Zhiruo, Liu, Shelan, Xiang, Mi, Li, Shijian, Zhao, Dahai, Huang, Chaolin, & Chen, Saijuan (2020). Protecting healthcare personnel from 2019-nCoV infection risks: Lessons and suggestions. Frontiers of Medicine, 14(2), 229-231. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11684-020-0765-x